Primary data are collected ______.
Decades earlier
From existing published sources
For the specific research purpose at hand
From company accounting ledgers
A probability sample gives each population element a ______ chance of selection.
Guaranteed
Zero
Variable but unknown
Known non‑zero
Observational research is a form of ______ data collection.
Primary
Desk
Syndicated
Secondary
Sampling error decreases as sample size ______.
Decreases
Is undefined
Remains constant
Increases
Which bias occurs when survey respondents answer in socially desirable ways?
Observer bias
Non‑response bias
Social desirability bias
Selection bias
A focus group is typically classified as ______ research.
Descriptive quantitative
Qualitative exploratory
Causal experimental
Secondary desk
The first step in the marketing research process is to ______.
Design questionnaire
Define the problem and objectives
Collect data
Write the report
Which measure indicates how much survey results might differ from true population values?
Index number
Margin of error
Median
Mode
Panel data involve ______.
Lab experiments
Repeated measurements from the same respondents over time
Only secondary sources
A one‑time cross‑section
Secondary data advantages include ______.
Better specificity to the issue
Control over methodology
Guaranteed accuracy
Lower cost and faster access
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