Selective attention means consumers screen out ______ stimuli.
Most
All
Random
None
The tendency to interpret information in a way that confirms preconceptions is called ______.
Perceptual vigilance
Selective distortion
Selective retention
Perceptual defense
Which bias leads consumers to remember good points about a preferred brand?
Confirmation bias
Halo effect
Selective retention
Anchoring
The 'halo effect' in brand perception occurs when ______.
Consumers resist new information
Positive attributes are generalized
Consumers forget brand details
Negative attributes dominate
Anchoring bias causes decisions to be influenced by ______.
Random noise
Initial reference points
Groupthink
External rewards
Perception begins with ______.
Interpretation
Retention
Memory
Exposure
When consumers avoid contradictory information, they exhibit ______.
Perceptual defense
Selective retention
Anchoring
Halo effect
Subliminal perception refers to stimuli presented ______ the threshold of awareness.
Beyond
Below
Above
At
The endowment effect causes people to value items they own ______.
Higher than identical non‑owned items
Lower than identical items
Only when expensive
Equal to alternatives
Framing effects show that choice depends on how information is ______.
Stored
Forgotten
Priced
Presented
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